Glossary · Tax & Accounting

Section 179.

IRS provision allowing immediate expense deduction of up to $1.16M (2026) on qualifying business assets in the year placed in service.

All glossary terms

What it is

Section 179 is the IRS Internal Revenue Code provision that lets businesses immediately expense — rather than depreciate over multiple years — the cost of qualifying business assets in the year they're placed in service. The 2026 deduction limit is $1,160,000, with a phase-out beginning at $2,890,000 of total Section 179 spending. Qualifying assets are tangible personal property used in business: trucks, trailers, equipment, machinery, computers, off-the-shelf software.

Commercial trucks are eligible. The election is made on IRS Form 4562. The single biggest restriction: Section 179 cannot create a net tax loss — the deduction is limited to business income, with any excess carried forward. Bonus depreciation (a separate but stackable acceleration) can layer on top of Section 179 for additional Year-1 deduction; bonus depreciation is at 60% in 2026 and phasing down on a published schedule.

Why it matters for trucking finance

For owner-operators buying a truck, Section 179 lets them expense the entire purchase price in Year 1 instead of spreading depreciation over 3 years. On a $130K truck, that's $130K of taxable-income reduction immediately — potentially $30–40K in federal taxes saved for owner-ops in higher brackets. Combined with bonus depreciation, the Year-1 deduction can be even larger. The catch: Section 179 cannot create a net loss, so operators with modest revenue must use MACRS instead. Consult a CPA familiar with trucking tax before electing — the wrong election in the wrong year can leave money on the table.

Related terms

  • MACRS Depreciation (MACRS) Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System — IRS depreciation method for business assets; semi trucks depreciate over 3 years on a 200% declining balance.
  • Schedule C IRS Form 1040 Schedule C — Profit or Loss from Business; used by sole-proprietor owner-operators to report business revenue, expenses, and net profit.
  • Equipment Loan Term loan secured by the financed vehicle (truck, trailer, or other equipment); standard structure for buying Class 8 tractors and trailers.

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